SUBJECT 4 – CRIMINALISTICS
A. SCOPE: Covers the study of Dactyloscopy and D.N.A as a reliable, well-accepted means of personal identification worldwide; significance of police photography in the field of law enforcement and criminal investigation; the vital role of forensic ballistics in the law enforcement profession and in the administration of justice; detection of forgeries and falsification and counterfeiting of documents with the use of scientific tools and modern procedures and use of lights, rays, radiation, powders, and others including the proper selection of standards; study of lie detection and interrogation with the use polygraph instruments and other conventional methods of detecting deception; application of medical science in crime investigation with emphasis on human anatomy and physiology as well as the medico-legal aspects of violent crimes and other destruction of life and also non-violent crimes such as those caused by poisoning and the like.
B. TOPIC OUTLINE
1. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
1.1. Ancient and modern methods of personal identification;
1.2. Dactyloscopy, Orthodontology, and Palmistry;
1.3. Identification, illustration, and comparison of fingerprint patterns and ridge characteristics;
1.4. Scientific method of recognition, development, preservation of latent prints;
1.5. Taking, classifying, and storing fingerprint records;
1.6. D.N.A. fingerprinting.
2. POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY
2.1. Kinds and historical development of photography;
2.2. Significance of photography in law enforcement and criminal investigation;
2.3. Terminologies in photography;
2.4. Basic parts and functions of a camera;
2.5. Concepts and kinds of lights, films, lenses, etc.;
2.6. Procedures in crime scene photography;
2.7. Demonstrate the basic process of developing, printing, and enlarging photographs.
3. FORENSIC BALLISTICS
3.1. Scientific study of firearms identification;
3.2. Study of ammunition, projectiles, gunpowder, printer, explosives;
3.3. Uses of laboratory equipment such as bullet comparison microscope;
3.4. Functions of the parts of firearms;
3.5. Class and individual characteristics of firearms;
3.6. Reports including illustration of firearms, slugs, empty shells, etc. for legal proceedings.
4. QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS EXAMINATIONS
4.1. Scientific methods of identification and examination of questioned documents;
4.2. Detection of forgery, falsification, and identification of documents;
4.3. Procedures in restoring and deciphering erasures and obliterations;
4.4. Use of different lights, rays, and equipment in questioned document examinations;
4.5. Selection of standards;
4.6. Examinations of questionable typewritings, computerized documents, and other forms of modern printing.
5. POLYGRAPH (LIE DETECTON)
5.1. Concepts of lie detection and interrogation;
5.2. Techniques in conducting polygraph examinations;
5.3. Polygraph machine, chart probing and charts interpretation;
5.4. Qualifications and responsibilities of the polygraph examiners
5.5. Legal implications and ethical standards in taking the lie detection examination.
6. LEGAL MEDICINE
6.1. Medical science in crime investigation;
6.2. Human anatomy and physiology;
6.3. Medico-legal aspects of physical injuries, death, abortion, poisoning, etc.
6.4. Concepts and principles in the field of forensic medicine;
6.5. Legal and moral obligations of medico-legal officer