Interpretation, Collection and Preservation of Glass Fragments

As i read the article written by Kathy Steck- Flynn, I learned and realize new things. It is about three minors who unfortunately killed a person. Each of them take a shot that produced different glass fragments. They have stolen their father's gun and played with it. Since they are minors, they never thought that they could kill a person. The gun was not properly kept on a safe place where the children could not reach it. Invetigators started to trace to find out who among the three minors unfortunately killed a person.

We never know when accidents strikes. Parents should be responsible enough in handling and keeping firearms. I believe that parents should be sent to seminars to further understand about firearms especially when they have children.

by: Go, Mannilynne Joy M.
      CRIM-4

nice one miss Go...whre are the rest kolokoys?  ;D

Crime Scene Protection
By D.H. Garrison, Jr.
Forensic Services Unit
Grand Rapids, Michigan, Police Department

This Article Originally Appeared in the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, September 1994.


    My reaction about this article is if the investigator of the crime scene is not aware on how to protect the crime scene it will lead the investigator to confusion.Because if the investigator donot properly protect the crime scene the physical evidences found at the crime scene will be contaminated it is because of the lack of concern of the investigator.And it is so hard on the part of the investigator to solved the case.

    And if the crime scene is well protected there is a high percentage on the part of the investigator to solved the case easily.If the investigator is knowledgeable about the proper handling and labelling of evidences it will lead to fastest solving of crime.






POSTED BY:AQUINO,MICHAEL DP.
BS.CRIMINOLOGY  IV    AUF

DEATH INVESTIGATION ARTICLE:

                                          Reactions of Domestic Violence Victims

    Domestic violence victims are often exposed repeatedly to threats, violence, intimidation, and physical, emotional and psychological abuse. Constant, repeated exposure to violence has a profound effect on a victim's daily activities and functioning, thinking, interpersonal relationships, and sense of self. Some victims, because of the chronic nature of the violence, may develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, a mental health disorder characterized by flashbacks, significant anxiety, depression and fatigue. 

    Domestic violence victims will often blame their own behavior, rather than the violent actions of the abuser. Victims may try continually to alter their behavior and circumstances in order to please the abuser-believing that if they follow certain rules and make sure the abuser is happy-they will not be hurt. However, violence perpetrated by abusers is often self-driven and depends little on victims' actions or words.

    Domestic violence victims may minimize the seriousness of incidents in order to cope, and not seek medical attention or assistance when needed. Victims, because they fear the perpetrator and may be ashamed of their situation, may be reluctant to disclose the abuse to family, friends, work, the authorities, or victim assistance professionals. As a consequence, they may suffer in silence and isolation.

My Reactions about the Criminal Behavior of a Serial rapist

         Based on the articles i read, i found out that there are 3 different approach the rapist used, these are the " CON" approach, the " BLITZ" approach and the " SURPRISE". I Learned that in "CON" approach the rapist, the Rapist oppenly approach the victim,request or offer an assistance  and once the papist has control the victim, he then become more aggressive. In this approach, the rapist must have the ability to interact with women. the rapist also used cars in taking the victim in a bar. He also impersonating like a police officer, wearing the uniform and acts as a real Police Officer to get a vitim. In "BLITZ", the rapist used direct, force to get the victim this result to a injury of the victim and able to rape her. In "SURPRISE", Before the Rapist raped the victim, he then watch the location of the victim and observing, selecting whom he wants to raped and waiting for opportunity and when the victim was sleeping, he then entered the house and went to the victim's bedroom and placed his hands over the mouth of the victim and advised him or threats him that nothing harm will happen to her if he cooperates with the rapist. In this Approach the rapist used Weapons to threats the victims.

                                                                             

                                                                    LATENT PRINT PHOTOGRAPHY

                        The problem of developing latent fingerprint on an oily surface was encountered when a bottle was recently brought to the bureau of identification, It contained mineral oil. some of which had been spelled on the outside, and had apparently been handled by a burglar. attempts to the develop the prints by standard  methods failed. these print were faintly visible with oblique light. but it was not possible to obtain clear photographs of them, iodine fuming and treatment with 5% silver nitrite were attempt with no success. finally, a method of using photographic paper which had been fixed in hypo was tried with no real success. 

Domestic Violence Homicides

By Vernon J. Geberth, M.S., M.P.S.
Former Commander, Bronx Homicide, NYPD

©1998 Vernon J. Geberth, Practical Homicide Investigation
LAW and ORDER Magazine, Vol. 46 No. 112, November 1998, pp 51-54


As read the article about Domestic Violence Homicides By Vernon J. Geberth, this was so interesting to know more about this article. I learned that domestic violence  is  a pattern of behaviors involving physical, sexual, economic and emotional abuse,  by an intimate partner often for the purpose of establishing and maintaining power and control over the other partner. And Of course domestic violence includes children. Children that are physically abused by people sharing their domicile are victims of domestic violence. Just because you have children doesn't mean you can wail of them with impunity. thats all i can say..... thank you.

                              Collection and Preservation of Evidence
                                        by George Schiro

      In this article it discussed the proper collection and preservation of evidence. One of the important duties of an investigator is to protect and gather the evidences properly in order to prosecute the Offender or Suspect in a case. The investigator should keep in their mind that the evidences which they collected have played important role in order to prosecute the suspect. Perhaps, the investigator should always aware how important the pieces of evidence. The investigator must have sufficient knowledge, experience, and training in order to do their job properly.
        Proper collection of evidence is very important for an investigator for example in collecting fingerprints, Bite Marks, Broken Fingernails etc. they should apply the necessary steps and do their job in a very knowledgeable manner.

PRIMER IN THE TOOLS OF CRIME SCENE ANALYSIS

Reconstruction and analysis are logical extensions of the crime scene investigator’s craft. Those who concentrate solely on reconstruction analysis can only do so while relying on the efforts of the crime scene investigator. Through experience and training, a crime scene investigator can develop an eye for what is needed in order to interpret the meaning of what he or she collected and photographeN

Wrote By: Paul Edward S. Gutierrez
(the great)

Firearms Evidence
Firearms
· Never submit a loaded gun to the Laboratory, unless it is delivered in person. Unfired cartridges may be left in the magazine of a weapon, provided the magazine is removed from the gun. A firearm with the cartridge in the chamber should never be shipped by any method, even if the weapon is not cocked or on safety.
· Never clean the bore, chamber, or cylinder before submitting a firearm, and never attempt to fire the gun before it is examined in the Laboratory.
· Never pick up a weapon by placing a pencil or other object in the end of the barrel.
· Record serial number, make, model, and caliber of the weapon, and mark it in some inconspicuous manner that does not detract from its value before sending it to the Laboratory. Marking firearms is important since duplicate serial numbers are sometimes found on different guns of the same make and general type. Do not confuse model numbers or patent numbers with serial numbers.
· Place weapons in strong cardboard or wooden boxes, well packed, to prevent shifting of guns in transit.
· Rifles or shotguns should not be taken apart.
· If blood or any other material, which may pertain to an investigation is present on the gun, place a clean paper around the gun and seal it with tape to prevent movement of the gun and loss of the sample during shipment.
· If the gun is to be examined for latent fingerprints, use procedures under that title in this Manual.
Bullets
· Never mark bullets.
· Wrap recovered bullets in paper and seal in separate labeled pill boxes or envelopes.
· Submit all evidence bullets recovered to the Laboratory. A conclusive identification may be possible on only one of several bullets recovered even when they all appear to be in good condition.
· Do not attempt to clean recovered bullets before sending them to the Laboratory. Bullets recovered from a body should be air dried and wrapped in paper. Washing may destroy trace evidence.
Cartridge Cases
· Wrap recovered cartridge cases in and seal in separate labeled pill boxes or envelopes.
· Fired shotgun shells may be marked either on the inside or outside of the paper or plastic portion of the shell.
· If an examination is required to determine if a shot shell or cartridge case was fired by a specific weapon, submit the weapon and all recovered unfired ammunition.
· Submit all evidence cartridge cases or shotgun shells recovered to the Laboratory. Some cases contain more identifying detail than do others.
· Wrap each cartridge in paper to prevent damaging the breech clock, firing pin, or other markings by contact with other cartridge cases. Place wrapped cartridge cases in envelopes or pill boxes. Label and seal container.
Ammunition
· Always attempt to recover unused ammunition for comparison purposes when firearms are obtained as evidence. If not in the weapon itself, subjects often have additional ammunition in their cars, clothing, houses, or other locations. It may be important for test purposes to duplicate exactly the make, type, and age of the ammunition used in the crime. Other ammunition in the suspect's possession is identical to that fired during the crime.
· Unfired ammunition should not be marked. The box with the ammunition may be marked without marking every round in the box.
Powder and Shot Pattern
· Submit clothing or other material showing evidence of gun powder residue or shot holes to the Laboratory. The clothing should be carefully wrapped in clean paper and folded as little as possible to prevent dislodging powder particles. Photographs of the pattern will not suffice, as in most instances microscopic examination and chemical tests must be conducted on the exhibits themselves. Package each item separately.
· For gunpowder or shot pattern tests to have significance, it is essential to obtain ammunition identical in make, type, and age to that used at the crime scene. This duplicate ammunition is necessary for firing in the weapon in question to determine the distance of the muzzle of the weapon from the victim or other object at the time the questioned bullet was fired.
Gunshot Residue
· Gunshot residue is extremely fragile evidence and should be collected as soon as possible (preferably within three hours of the discharge of firearm). Use the laboratory-supplied GSR kits and carefully follow the directions. In the case of live subjects, if more than six hours have passed or if the subject has washed his hands, it is unlikely that meaningful results will be obtained. If a body is to be sampled, whenever possible, gunshot residue collection should be performed prior to moving the body. If this is not possible, protect the hands with paper bags.
Serial Number Restoration
· In many cases, obliterated serial numbers can be restored if too much metal has not been removed in erasing the number.
· Always advise the Department of Justice in Sacramento if, after restoring the serial number, the gun is to be numbered. If the original number can be restored, this is normally restamped on the gun. If it cannot be restored, a new number is assigned to the gun and stamped thereon by the Department of Justice or Numbering Station.

The Crime Scene  Protection

the Crime scenes often yield forensic evidence that leads to the apprehension of dangerous criminals. Perhaps just as often, though, potentially valuable evidence is destroyed or rendered useless by careless behavior at the crime scene. Clearly written directives and training for new officers in this area will help agencies to resolve the problem. However, the ultimate responsibility rests with administrators, supervisors, and detectives to reinforce positive conduct by setting a good example for other officers to follow.

Frederick Daryl Simeon         Bs. Criminology-4

My reaction about this article about TRACE EVIDENCE:HAIR by kathy-steck-flynn. Hair should be used as a support other evidence , because hair can provide a myriad information can be used as a solid evidence on its own. and hair is the best used to back up other forms of evidence.

and example if the victim did not know that the root of the hair is were lies the almighty D.N.A. it can also tell the investigator whether the hair question has been pulled out or shed naturally.

Deceptive But Truthful: is it possible?
By: Wesley Clark


My reaction to this article is when a statement given by a suspect or the victim should be examined by the investigators. and the investigator can use this information to their benefit. and for me statement of the suspect or victim provides investigators with some details to use during the interview process. it can also determine the statement if true or convince through deception.

                            Analysis and collection of Soil Sample is a very interesting topic in crime and clues section by Katherine Steck-Flynn. Maybe it's a unusual thing in our country. Our Philippine National Police members shall study more about this because it can help a lot in way of solving the crime that happen. Our Crime Scene investigators must be very careful in performing this analysis and collection of soil. Our investigators must not only concentrate on the other evidence. As this article said that soil evidence is very important in solving the crime.
        Upon reading the article. I learned more about the proper collection of soil, the proper way of preserving it, the right way of examining it and more.

Posted by: Carbungco, Roy N.
                B.S. Criminology 4

        My reaction about what i read is the proper protection and collection of evidence and how to be a responsible investagator. Evidence are very important because of the evidence we can easily or help us to find the suspect or the person who is liable in the crime.

        If the crime scene is not fully protected, ensure its protection by using other policeman or other responsible persons to keep witnesses,suspects and victim who are present from disturbing the crime scene.

My reaction about the death investigation
                In this crime scene the photograph is very important role in both criminal and civil cases because photograph can explain the injuries of the victim and other evidence should be collected for the purpose of comparison found in the crime scene and the useful of forensic photograph in criminal investigation is very extensive.
        Items of physical evidence to be photographed:
All materials which serve to establish the fact that the crime has been committed
The body of the victim
Any objects to identify the number of the perpetrators
Physical evidence w/c would connect the suspect to the crime

                                                                                                          By: junio
               

Base on my observation and interpretation the majority of all crime is committed by habitual criminals who have been arrested or imprisoned before...their fingerprints are on file, and. A single fingerprint left anywhere about the scene of a crime may enable the experts to tell just who committed the crime.

In my observation excessive heating of superglue can cause the formation of cyanide gas. Some authors recommend against the use of light bulbs as a heat source due to this possibility. A coffee mug warmer is a good alternative heat source. Use caution and work in a well-ventilated area.

Fingerprints are one of the best forms of physical evidence. A fingerprint can conclusively identify both offenders and victims.

Fingerprint evidence rests on two basic principles:
· A person's "friction ridge patterns" (the swirled skin on their fingertips) don't change.
· No two people have the same pattern of friction ridges.
Police officers can use fingerprints to identify defendants and crime victims if a print matches one already on file. (Today, the PNP has a collection of prints that numbers in the millions.) People's fingerprints can be on file for a variety of reasons. For example, people may be fingerprinted when they are arrested, or when they begin certain occupations. And it is increasingly popular for parents to ask local police departments or schools to fingerprint their young children, a grim reminder that children who are abducted or are the victims of other heinous crimes often cannot be identified otherwise.

Friction ridges contain rows of sweat pores, and sweat mixed with other body oils and dirt produces fingerprints on smooth surfaces. Fingerprint experts use powders and chemicals to make such prints visible. The visibility of a set of prints depends on the surface from which they're lifted; however, with the help of computer enhancement techniques that can extrapolate a complete pattern from mere fragments, and laser technology that can read otherwise invisible markings, fingerprint experts increasingly can retrieve identifiable prints from most surfaces.





by: molina b.s. crim 4

Evidence Collection Guidelines

as a read the copy regarding the said topic .. in Philippines setting.The guidelines itself is scientific and valuable regarding collection of pieces of evidence in the crime scene... it helps the investigator to solve  a particular crime in soonest time possible. but as i said in Philippines settings we dont have enough equipment and well trained investigator to use this guidlines.. sometimes because of lack of trainning, iniative and expetise regarding collection of evidence.. the very important of the crime scene investigation was turned in a worst senario.. because they dont know the proper colletion  of evidence and presevation of it, in order to connect it with the crime committed..
sometimes because of lack of equipment the crime laboratory cannot work properly with the submitted pieces of evidence in order to trace the real cause of the incident..

The National governtment must pay attention to this kind of problem about crime scene investigation and law enforcement. and stop the non-stop political agenda in the governtment that make our country worst in the eye of the other country.

Benjamin M. Garcia Jr. Crim IV


www.crime-scene-investigator.net/collect.html

Trace Evidence: Hair
By: Kathy Steck- Flynn

            As i read the trace evidence. Hair may in some cases rule out certain populations or help identify an unknown victim. Cross transfer of hair from victim to a suspect or vise versa may substantially raise the probability that the victim and the perpetrators were in contact.

            There are some methods of collecting hair evidence. The collection of visually observed hair using hands. Vacuuming method, brushing, combing and climbing.

             A hair sample is analyzed as a whole and in cross section. Hair consists of 3 parts the root, shaft and the tip. Hair can be used as collective evidence, but none of the information can be used as solid evidence on its own. In other words it can be used as back up or supporting evidence. 

                   By: Layug, Lyn B.
                          CRM-IV

         My reaction about what i read is the proper protection and collection of evidence and how to be a responsible investagator. Evidence are very important because of the evidence we can easily or help us to find the suspect or the person who is liable in the crime.

         If the crime scene is not fully protected, ensure its protection by using other policeman or other responsible persons to keep witnesses,suspects and victim who are present from disturbing the crime scene.


                                                                                                                  by; Tarrayo, Rosei Marie L.