Title: Currents Issues
Author: Ceferino A. Zaide, Adelaida A. Ronquillo, Venancio G. Santiago, Milagros M. Ramos, Catherine B Fabreo, Socorro C. Espiritu


Chapter I: Human Ecology and The Human Settlement

    The program for the development of Human Settlements has been coceive on the basis of our knowledge about Human ecology or the study of the relationship between human beings and their environtment and human settlements. To understand such relationships of the differnt concept a number of ecological procesess concentration, Centralization of the purpose in examining and describing these change ecological processes is to explain how Human settlements change space and under conditons of the environtment.

      A review of different population as well as environttal problems related to poluttion water drainage and soil, erosin, hausing transportation, energy hanger and malnutrition administration or resource management, and water economic and social consequence of rapid population has been made in this chapter in an attemt to comprehen the effects of human activities on the environments. These problems are interconnected


Chapter II: Community Services


        There is a need to make people become aware of the realities of the changing times and the changing social environment. In order to do this, community service has to be available to assist people to meet their basic needs.

 
        There is no doudt that, after the delaration of Martial Law communities have changed and are now in the process of rapid and drastic development. Cognizant of the changes that have occured, the project PANGLILINGKOD:BAGONG LIPUNAN WAS ESTABLSHED eache problems, needs and capabilities.

         
          To properly understand the changes its is necessary that potential participants be given an insigth into how planned change is managed and supervised by means of the social sciences. For intance, social workers use community organization as an instrument in bringing about change. Through this method, coordination and understanding of changes happening in communities leading to community development can be well understood.



Chapter III: Nutrition and Food Production


            A great number of the Philippine population is suffering from malnutrition  because of such factors as the low purchasing power and prohibitive cause of food supply, the lack of knowledge on proper nutrition and essential nutrients, inadequest knowledge in family planning and beliefs and practices influencing food habits. Gravely affected by the nutrition problems are the infants, pre-school and scool children, the pregnant and nursing mothers.


            Guidlines recommended to help solve the problem of malnutrition include wise planning budgetting, selection and proper preparation, cooking and serving of foods to meet the highest standard sanitation, using the rigth food patern, food production and development of the rigth food habits and eating values.

     
Chapter IV: Family Planning In The Philippines


          Family Planning is the process by wich couples may determine the number of children they would have, the spacing of their birth and the time when birth should take place depending on their particular circumstances.


          Family planning has become a national policy of the Philppine government when President Ferdinand E. Marcos signe into law R.A. No. 6365 in 1971 nad issued P.D No. 79 in 1972 Since the family planning program has gained momentum.


          Three very important points of view should be taken into account. The religous sector is divided into the Catholic point of view and the Protestant view point. The stand of the Catholic Church is based on the encylical entitled Humanae Vitae in which artificial forms of birht control are condemend.


Chapter VI: Tourism in the Philippines


              Tourism is concerned with tavel as a means of promoting understanding among people of the world. By travelling to the different scenic beauty spots of the world, one gets a better perspective of life and culture of other people as a result of tourism, the need for different agencies to administer and cater to the comfort and ease of travel as well as to attrack tourists to one's country, it has becoame an industry.


              The Philippines is not an exception toa desire to promote tourism for maximizing the acquisition of foreingn currency to improve its dollar reserves.


              aware of the tourism potential of the country, the tourism industry gears its efforts toward promotion and publicity campaign of Philippine scenic spots, infrastructure development project on areas with tourism potentials cultural development and restoration of landmarks and shrines, convention promotions, beautification and cleanliness campaign liberalize air policy and establishment of luxurious hotel to accomodate the expensive tourism programs nad projects...

                                                                            Investigative Report Writing       
                                                                              By: Michael

    Chapter 1: Investigation Basics
                               
                        We all know that the major goal of an investigator is to find the truth. whether an investigation is a criminal inquiry or an administrative matter, an investigator needs needs to have not try to prove anything rather, they should try to find the truth and let the facts prove or disprove any allegations. Investigator should always strive to work in an orderly manner and try to logically follow a game plan that covers everything from getting to the crime scene to writing the report. one of the things that can help an investigator write a good report is is knowing the who, what, where, when, why, and how of what happened. If an Investigator have been answered this questions there is a high probability of winning the case.

    Chapter 2: Note taking

              This second chapter tackled the importance of note taking. We all know that note taking is a very important task that a police investigator must do, because few people have the ability to remember everything they do, see, or hear. In most cases the longer the time span between the occurrence of an event and the reporting of it, the greater the chance of an incomplete version of the story being told. Note taking must is very important, because it may affect the case. Example when an Investigator  is on the witness stand he must have his own note taking, because he is incapable of remembering what he  observed in the crime scene without the note taking. But of course the note must be readable, exact, accurate, and concise, and the Investigator  must always be able to understand what he or she is writing.

      Chapter 3: The Rules of Narrative Writing

          We all know that writing the narrative portion of a report is often the most challenging part of the investigative report writing process. the task can be made simpler if the investigator follows the rules of narrative writing, which guide the writer from the starting point to the conclusion of the report . Writing in the first person and the past tense, using the active, keeping things in chronological order, starting with the date, time, and how they got involved and always using short, simple, and concise words is a formula for success in any investigative report. The investigator should always aware with the proper uses of words and must observe the uses of punctuation.

      Chapter 4: Describing Person and Property

          An investigator will meet many people during an inquiry who need to be identified in a report. Understanding what makes a person a victim, suspect, witness, reporting party, or an other is key to categorizing those individuals correctly. Knowing when to list someone as a felony suspect and the ramifications  of doing so is vital to doing a good job. The investigator must what information is needed and in what order it will be. The must be able to help the witness find references based on height and weight that help them recall what the person looked like. Using the formula for suspect descriptions when asking a witness to describe a suspect will more often than not result in a workable description.


      Chapter 5: Crime Report
           
            One of the more common investigative duties is the completion of crime report. The key to this is establishing that a crime occurred and including the elements, or corpus delicti, in the report. Crime reports usually have two distinct parts, the face sheet, the purpose of which is to organize information and gather statistics, and the narrative section, in which the investigator tells the story of what happened , using the rules of narrative writing.

    Chapter 6: Arrest Report

      Arrest reports should be completed whenever a person is taken into custody and as soon after the arrest as possible. Whether an investigator uses a fill-in-the-blanks and narrative type report or a straight narrative report, the most important things to establish in an arrest report is the probable cause used to take the suspect into custody. Others important items that should be included in the report are the names of everyone who was there, details about injuries to anyone present, and any statements the suspect made.

      Chapter 7: Writing Search Warrant
 
    We all know that a search warrant is a very valuable tool for investigator and actually consists of three distinct parts - the search warrant the affidavit in support of the search warrant, and the return to the warrant. writing a search warrant will give an investigator the chance to use all of his or her writing skills. The search warrant must be in detailed, must be indicated the things to be search or the place to be search.

    Chapter 8: Automated Report Writing

      Technology and the use of computers have arrived in the field of report writing. Although some systems have clearly succeeded in improving the quality of reports and reducing the amount of time investigators must spend preparing them, this is still an emerging field. The many differences in the systems are due in large part to the records management systems is that they allow for the review and approval system to be centralized, which provides a consistent and timely check and balance on the agency written work.

        Chapter 9: Issues in Writing

      Even the investigator knows and follows the law., rules of evidence., and agency policy is still the chance that a problem might arise in the case. These potential problem are issues and can include opinions being use to establish the probable cause , proving and documenting the Miranda admonishment, or a witness response during a field show up. The report must be just and unbiased and objective and cover what happened.

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Summary Chapter 1

This chapter introduces a book describing the different ways criminal justice can operate. The study of criminal justice system in other countries, the historical, the political and descriptive approaches, the process of classification is achieved through two strategies; synthetic and authentic. Each strategy result in a grouping of objects (artificial or natural group) having special (the artificial group) or predictive (the natural group) purposes.

Summary Chapter 2

This chapter sets the stage for the rest of the book by presenting crime as a world wide problem; problems in preparing crime statistics are noted. In various crime and victimization data sets, the five clusters of such crime are internationally organized crime, terrorism, economic offenses, crime against the cultural heritage and crime against the environment.

Summary Chapter 3

In this chapter it is highlighting two essential ingredients to any justice system: substantive law and procedural law. Each has two aspects that help us better to understand their operation. Substantive criminal law is made up of general characteristics of same acts as criminal. Procedural criminal law is implemented crime control model or a due process model.

Summary Chapter 4

The common legal traditional is familiar to American student, because it developed in England and had significant impact on the legal system of the United States. Important aspect of its development include feudal practices, the importance of custom, and the concept of equity, the civil legal tradition is the oldest of the four contemporary families.

Summary Chapter 5

Every legal system must address issues of substantive and procedural law but each system may approach the terms differently. This chapter takes the admittedly western-linked perspective on substantive and procedural law as first presented in chapter 3 and uses these concepts as a comparative aid in discussing legal systems. Substantive law in each of the four legal traditions, what was criminal and specifying the punishment, judges (common legal tradition), legislations (civil legal tradition), a variety of government agencies (socialist legal tradition) and on god (Islamic legal tradition).

Procedural law was addressed with specific attention to the issues of the adjudicatory process and judicial review. The procedure of judicial review was introduced as an important way to ensure that a government abides by the fundamental value of a nation.



Summary Chapter 6

This chapter you will learn about an international perspective on policing, classifying police structures centralized single systems in Nigeria decentralized single systems in Japan, the structure of Japanese policing centralized multiple coordinated systems in France, Germany, Spain, and Mexico.

Summary Chapter 7

In this chapter an international perspective on Court you will lean about professional actors in the judiciary, variation in legal training, variation in prosecution in United States, France, England and Wales, variation in defense. The adjudicators professional judges an independent judiciary becoming a judge lay judges and jurors, examples along the adjudication continuum in Saudi Arabia, England, German, variation in court organization, France trial level: police court in different countries.

Summary Chapter 8

In this chapter you will learn in international perspective on corrections, variability in justification, imprisonment as punishment, determining imprisonment rates, using prison, corrections in Australia history of transportation contemporary Australian corrections, racially disproportionate incarceration rates community, based corrections. Corrections in Poland sentencing options community placement and different kinds of correction in different countries.

Summary Chapter 9

In this chapter you will learn about international perspective on juvenile justice, the four models of juvenile justice the problem of juvenile offenders throughout the world the welfare model in Australia and New Zealand, the logistic model in Yugoslavia and Italy the corporatist model in England and values the participatory in China.

Summary Chapter 10

In this chapter you will learn in examples of effectiveness and borrowing in Japan. Japanese cultural traits that help explain how and why its system operates as it does the use of bureaucratic in formalism in Japanese criminal justice. The structure and operation of policing in Japan, the judiciary in Japan, corrections in Japan what may and what not work in America.